Chapter 12 Study Guide

feudalism-a way of life based on the ownership and use of land
fief-a piece of land
lord-owner of the land
vassal-worked the land and fought in the lord's army
knight-heavily armed warriors
chivalry-code of conduct for nobility and knights
heraldry-colorful unique emblems, symbols, and designs displayed on
armor, shields, and banners
castle-heavily fortified dwellings built by nobles surrounded by a moat
joust-two knights fough to knock each other of their horses
tournament-groups of knights fought a mock battle that lasted an entire day
manor-estates that beling to the nobles
serf-farmers that worked on the manors
Truce of God-the church forbade fighting from Friday-Sunday on each week
Peace of God-priests denied sacraments to persons who robbed churches, took
a serf's property, or killed a non combantant during battle
burg-community of a traveling merchant
middle class-between nobility and peasants
trade fair-merchants from all over come to trade && became all
the rage in Europe
guild-consisted of merchants, artisans, and craftsman
black death-form of Bubonic Plague
Chaucer-wrote Canterbury Tales
trivium-part of Medieval curriculum. *grammar, rhetoric, and logic
quadrivium- Arithrmetic, Music, geometry, astronomy
scholasticism-theology (roman Catholic StyLE)+ Greek phil.(Aristloe)
Brethren of the Common Life-Christian group founded gerhard groote in 1380
humanism-intese interests in the subject of humanities
patron- ppl. who used their own money to support art
Sistine Chapel- MichelAngelos most famous painting spent 4 yrs. working on it
Medicis- powerful and influental family of Florentine
Thomas Aquinas-called a "dumb ox", but had a brilliant mind
William of Ockham-educated at Oxford. && said Bible was the ultimate
authority.
John Wycliffe-"morning star of the reformation" && thought Pope's claim
of absolute authority was wrong.
John Huss-follower of Hussite. && Roman church condemned him and burned
him at the stake.
Gerhard Groote-
Dante-wrote Divine Comedy. && one of the few pieces of Medieval literature
that is still ready today.
Petrarch-father of humanism
Bocaccio-wrote "The Decameron"
Michelangelo-"Renaissance Man" most famous paintings would be Sistine Chapel and The Last Supper && He was supported by the Medici Family.
Flanders-
Machiavelli-wrote "The Prince"
Giotto-Famous Artist of the Italian Renaissance
DaVinci-Famous Artist of the Italian Renaissance &&
painted the Mona Lisa
Prague-Famous Artist of the Italian Renaissance

Middle Ages [10 Pictures]

Chapter 12 Section Review && Identify

12:
1.Ownership and the use of land
2. Lord:owned the land and vassal.
Vassal:worked the land and was
in the lord's army.
3. drawbridge,fortified dwellings,towers,
and watchmen. && moat
4.jousts:two knights fought to knock each other off
their horses.
tournaments:groups of knights fought a mock battle
5.serfs:peasants && They were both poor and they worked for the lord.
6. Truce of God && Peace of God


Identify:
feudalism:way of life based upom ownership of land
king:top of the feudal system.
crown land: king's personal land.
knight:heavily armed warriors
chivalry:code of conduct for nobility and knights
heraldry:identfication for each family
manor:estate that belongs to the nobles
desemne:where serfs had to work. two or three days a week.

Chapter 9 Review && Chapter 10 Review [10-30-09]

Chapter 9:People:
1.Messiah-"Anointed One" of God
5.Domitian-second great persecution erupted under his rule
9.Marcus Aurelius-an ardent hater of Christians.
13.Irenaeus-pupil of Polycarp && bishop of Lyons in Gaul.
17.Origen-Christian philosopher && theologian && escaped
persecution of Maximus Thrax
21.Diocletian-tenth and greatest persecution was under his rule.
Maximian-proclaimed themselves our lord.
25.Aristides- a Christian apologist.
29.Athanasuus-eloquently and passionately argued for the true deity of Christ at the Council of Nicaea.
33.Theodosius I-made Christianity the main religion in Roman Empire

Terms:
synagogues-Jews place of worship
Gentiles-non Jews
proselytes-converted Jews
martyrs-persecuted of their Christian beliefs.
Book of the Revelation-prophetic visions known as the Apocalypse.
catacombs-subterreanean gallies beneath the city
Edict of Milan-extended legal protection and recognition to Christians throughout the empire
Church fathers-men to expound upon the Scriptures, defend the faith, and champion the cause of Christ.
apologists-those who tempted to defend Christianity against Pagan defamations.
Monarchianism-denied the doctrine of the Trinity
Latin Vulgate-common vernacular
Creed-confessions of faith
Apostles creed-earliest creed
Nicene Creed-rejected the teaching of Arianism
Athanism Creed-the third great creed.
Council of Nicaea-this brought orginiazational unity
Arianism-false doctrine which denied the deity of Christ.

Chapter Concepts
4. Baptism and church membership were now mandatory and multitudes of false converts filled the churches.





Chapter 10 Review:

People:
1.Justianian I-first great leader of Bynzantine Empire
3.Theodora-Justianian's lovely and intelligent wife and
most imp./famous woman of Bynzatine history.
5.Leo III-destroyed all images and painting in churches
10.Ottaman Turks-took over Constantinople

Places:
1.Bynzantium-old capital of Rome
Constantinople-Constantine I moved the capital from Rome to Bynzantium
(Constantinople)
3.Hagia Sophia-orginally created for Christian worship, but it turned into a Mosque for Muslims

Terms:
Christendom-Constantinople was the most important city in all early Christendom
Greek Fire-flame thrower && secret weapon during invasions
Iconoclastic Controversy-image breaker. && worship of icons (Christ, Mary, and etc)
icons-Christ, Mary, and etc.

Chapter Concepts
-Divided into Eastern and Western Empire.
-continuation of the Roman Empire
-lasted from 324-1453 AD
-capital:Constantinople
-blessed with a sound monitary system
-invaded multiple times (North, South, East,and West)
-strong military

**An empire devoted to God will be strong, but an empire avoiding will be weak and crumble.

Chapter 9 Section Review 3

1.Clemente of Rome && Ignatius && Polycarp && Papias
2. Aristids && Iranies && Athanesius
3. Iranies against all heresies
4. Tertullian
5. Origen
6.Translated the scriptures out of hebrew and greek into the common bible of eraly western church, the latin vulgate
7. Ambrose && John Chrysoston
8. Augustine, Confessions && City of God
9. Apostles Creed, Nicean Creed,&& Anthasian
10.325 AD, Constantinople, Ephesus, Chalcedon
11. Theodosius && Made fake Christians.
Identify:
Church Fathers:preachers and teachers that god raised up to defend faith
apologists:those who attempted to reasonably defend christianity against pagan defamations
Gnosticism:combined elements of greek philosiphy
Monarchism:denied the monarchy of the trinity
Creed:confessions of faith
Arianism:false doctrine which denied the diety of Christ

Chapter 9 Section Review 2

1. Tertullian
2.Paul- beheaded and peter-crucified upside down
3.Domitian;they refused;John
4.subterranean galleries beneath the city of rome;were christians would worship
5.Trajan; polycarp
6.justin martyr,blandina
7.septimius severus; irenaeus, perpetua, felicitas
8.maximinus thrax and decius; origen
9. persecution of christains , the christain church triumphed through it all.
10. The edicts of milans , 313
identify:
Martyr- the face of torture and death
Book of the revelation- prophetic visions
Polycarp- an aged bishop of smyrna
Maximinus thrax- emperor that started th e6th persecution
Decius- 7th persecution
Orgin- a christain philopsher and theologian
Maximian- proclaimed himsef off. our lord
Galerius- emperor who proclaimed toleration 4 the christains of the east
Constantine I.- extended legal protection and recgonition to christians

10-26-09

1.restricted nations-nations restricted from hearing the gospel.
2.Asia
3.Libya-broaden the Islamic law.
Saudi Arabia-Islamic state
India-Hinduism
China-Communism
Vietnam-Atheist regime tries to control all religious movement
Ethiopia- Islam grow strong
5.VOM- dedicated to help the persercuted Churches worldwide.
7. By spreading the word, helping out the foundation, and foremost praying for the ppl.
8.Pastor Richard Wurmbrand
9. In Our Time Toleration
While it is clear that James was a politician and saw the opportunity of detatching the more tolerant Christians from those Churchmen who believed forcing others to the true faith was an act of Christian love rather than persecution. He also believed that toleration was a reasonable principle. Its worth also recalling that Roman Catholics were not tolerated until the late 1820s. Many people embraced his policy of toleration.
Pope Flies Into Ukraine ControversyThe local Orthodox Church accuses the country's Catholics of violently seizing its property and persecuting its priests and congregation.However, at Mr Kuchma's invitation and against the wishes of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, which is subordinate to the Russian Orthodox Church, the pontiff will celebrate two Latin and two Byzantine masses for nearly two million people in Kiev and Lviv.The BBC's Rome correspondent says the Pope feels he has a God-given mission to heal the split between Eastern and Western Christians.
Holocaust
In January 1933, Nazis, lead by Hitler, came to power in Germany. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted other groups because of their perceived "racial inferiority": Roma (Gypsies), the disabled, and some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others). Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, and Jehovah's Witnesses.
Polygamist Leader:Arrest is Religous Perscution
Winston Blackmore, who was arrested Wednesday, claimed there are tens of thousands of polygamists across Canada but said his religious sect is being singled out, disregarding his right to religious freedom.
State Department Praises Jordan && Qatar for Progress on Religous Freedom
International Religious Freedom -- a comprehensive report compiled by the State Department that lists a host of countries guilty of severe violations of religious freedom under the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998.
Among the worst violators listed in the report include North Korea, Iran, Burma, China, Sudan and Venezuela.
But during a press conference with reporters Monday, Posner cited two egregious acts of religious intolerance -- one in the U.S., the other in Germany -- while noting progress made in countries like Qatar and Egypt, where religious persecution is widespread.
Sources: foxnews.com, abcnews.com, bbcnews.com
10.www.christianpersecution.info, www.persecution.org,www.persecution.com,www.allaboutfollowingjesus.org/,persecutionblog.com
11. By diff. groups coming together to stop persecution and help spread the Gospel. By also getting the foundation to help the ppl.